How to Test an EPIRB Safely
How to Test an EPIRB Safely — Self-Test vs Full Activation
The most important thing to know about testing an EPIRB: there is a self-test function and there is a full activation. These are completely different things. Only one of them is safe to perform routinely.
The Self-Test Function — Do This Monthly
Every modern EPIRB has a built-in self-test function. It is activated by pressing and holding a specific button or sequence as described in the manufacturer’s instructions. It does not transmit a real distress signal. It checks the battery level, the circuitry, and the GPS function and reports back with LED indicators or a display.
Perform the self-test monthly. This is the routine check that confirms the device is operational without triggering a coastguard response.
Full Activation — Never Do This Unless It Is a Real Emergency
Full activation — removing the protective cover and pressing the activation button in a way that triggers a real distress transmission — is a serious matter. It causes HM Coastguard to initiate a search and rescue response. It wastes coastguard resources. It is illegal unless it is a genuine emergency.
The self-test function exists precisely so you never need to fully activate the EPIRB to check if it is working.
What to Do If You Accidentally Activate Your EPIRB
Contact HM Coastguard immediately on VHF Channel 16 or by telephone. Give them your beacon’s HEX ID — the 15-character identification code printed on the device — and your vessel name and position. Tell them clearly it was an accidental activation.
Have the HEX ID noted somewhere accessible — in the ship’s log, on the radio, with your emergency contacts. In the event of an accidental activation, being able to give the coastguard the HEX ID immediately allows them to cancel the response without deploying assets.
Testing in a Training Context
During BOSIET and STCW training you may encounter demonstration models — EPIRBs specifically modified to allow limited testing of the alert system without transmitting on the live frequency. These are not the same as the units you carry on a vessel. Real EPIRBs are not used for training activations.
FAQs
How often should I test my EPIRB?
Self-test monthly. A more comprehensive check at each annual service. Full activation — only in a genuine emergency.
What do the LED indicators mean during a self-test?
LED indicator meanings vary by manufacturer. Always refer to the manual for your specific EPIRB model. Generally — a green light indicates the test passed. A red light or absence of a green indicates a fault that needs investigating.
Will a self-test alert the coastguard?
No. The self-test function does not transmit on the distress frequency. Only the built-in self-test circuitry is activated — no signal goes to the satellite network or coastguard.
Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for your specific EPIRB model. Accidental activations must be cancelled with HM Coastguard immediately on VHF Channel 16.
